Difference between revisions of "J.C.R. Licklider"
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Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider, known as J.C.R. Licklider or “Lick,” was an American computer scientist, considered one of the most important figures in the history of computer science. He foresaw the need for networked computers with easy user interfaces, and was instrumental in conceiving, funding and managing the research that led to modern personal computers and the Internet. | Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider, known as J.C.R. Licklider or “Lick,” was an American computer scientist, considered one of the most important figures in the history of computer science. He foresaw the need for networked computers with easy user interfaces, and was instrumental in conceiving, funding and managing the research that led to modern personal computers and the Internet. | ||
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Jack Ruina, director of ARPA, invited Licklider to head up two departments: Behavioral Sciences and Command and Control (which deals with making timely decisions to be carried out by forces in the field). A large Q-32 computer was put at Licklider’s disposal, and he was asked to find other uses for computers besides numerical calculation. | Jack Ruina, director of ARPA, invited Licklider to head up two departments: Behavioral Sciences and Command and Control (which deals with making timely decisions to be carried out by forces in the field). A large Q-32 computer was put at Licklider’s disposal, and he was asked to find other uses for computers besides numerical calculation. | ||
| − | Licklider set up research contracts with leading computer research institutions in the U.S., including MIT, Stanford University, UCLA, UC Berkeley and the Californian | + | Licklider set up research contracts with leading computer research institutions in the U.S., including MIT, Stanford University, UCLA, UC Berkeley and the Californian System Development Corporation. At MIT, he granted funding to develop Project MAC, a large mainframe computer that was designed to be shared by up to 30 simultaneous users, each sitting at a separate typewriter terminal. |
At the Stanford Research Institute he funded the Augmentation Research Center headed by [[Douglas Englebart]], who later invented the computer mouse and created the oN-Line System (NLS), which was the first multi-user to system to employ hypertext links, raster-scan video monitors and screen windowing. | At the Stanford Research Institute he funded the Augmentation Research Center headed by [[Douglas Englebart]], who later invented the computer mouse and created the oN-Line System (NLS), which was the first multi-user to system to employ hypertext links, raster-scan video monitors and screen windowing. | ||
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In April of 1963 Licklider addressed a [http://www.kurzweilai.net/memorandum-for-members-and-affiliates-of-the-intergalactic-computer-network memo] to “Members and Affiliates of the Intergalactic Computer Network,” as he called his colleagues in these research institutions. In this memo he called for standardization among the various computer systems used by members of the group, so that they could be connected and researchers could communicate data between them. Members of this group would later form the core of the team who created the [[ARPANET]], the precursor of today's [[Internet]]. | In April of 1963 Licklider addressed a [http://www.kurzweilai.net/memorandum-for-members-and-affiliates-of-the-intergalactic-computer-network memo] to “Members and Affiliates of the Intergalactic Computer Network,” as he called his colleagues in these research institutions. In this memo he called for standardization among the various computer systems used by members of the group, so that they could be connected and researchers could communicate data between them. Members of this group would later form the core of the team who created the [[ARPANET]], the precursor of today's [[Internet]]. | ||
| − | When Licklider had arrived at ARPA, the Command and Control Research Department had focused on computer-simulated war games. He changed the focus to research in time-sharing, computer graphics, and improved computer languages. The name of the department was changed to Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) | + | When Licklider had arrived at ARPA, the Command and Control Research Department had focused on computer-simulated war games. He changed the focus to research in time-sharing, computer graphics, and improved computer languages. The name of the department was changed to Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO), reflecting this new orientation. |
==Libraries, Television and the Computer as a Communications Device== | ==Libraries, Television and the Computer as a Communications Device== | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| + | Articles about Licklider: | ||
*Wikipedia article about Licklider: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._C._R._Licklider | *Wikipedia article about Licklider: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._C._R._Licklider | ||
*Article about Licklider in the “Internet Pioneers” series: http://www.ibiblio.org/pioneers/licklider.html | *Article about Licklider in the “Internet Pioneers” series: http://www.ibiblio.org/pioneers/licklider.html | ||
*Transcript of oral interview with Licklider: http://www.cbi.umn.edu/oh/display.phtml?id=87 | *Transcript of oral interview with Licklider: http://www.cbi.umn.edu/oh/display.phtml?id=87 | ||
| + | Papers by Licklider: | ||
| + | *Man-Computer Symbiosis: http://groups.csail.mit.edu/medg/people/psz/Licklider.html | ||
| + | *The Computer as a Communication Device: http://www.kurzweilai.net/the-computer-as-a-communication-device | ||
[[Category:People]] | [[Category:People]] | ||
